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References and Clinical Citations

1. Complications of Diabetes in the United States. American Diabetes Association website.
www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/complications.jsp

2. Apelqvist J, Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Boulton AJ. Resource utilization and economic costs of care based on a randomized trial of vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds. American Journal of Surgery. 2008 Jun;195(6):782-8. Epub 2008 Mar 26.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18355797

3. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA; Diabetic Foot Study Consortium. Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Nov 12;366(9498):1704-10.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16291063

4. Aulivola B, Hile CN, Hamdan AD, Sheahan MG, Veraldi JR, Skillman JJ, Campbell DR, Scovell SD, LoGerfo FW, Pomposelli FB Jr. Major lower extremity amputation: outcome of a modern series. Archives of Surgery. 2004 Apr;139(4):395-9; discussion 399.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15078707

5. Blume PA, Walters J, Payne W, Ayala J, Lantis J. Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy using vacuum-assisted closure with advanced moist wound therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2008 Apr;31(4):631-6. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162494

6. Brand P. The insensitive foot (including leprosy). In M. Jahss (Ed.), Disorders of the Foot and Ankle, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1991. Pp 2170-2175.

7. Brown P, Phelps M, and Oddo D. Quick Reference to Wound Care, Gaithersburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc. 2001.

8. Calhoun JH, Overgaard KA, Stevens CM, Dowling JP, Mader JT. Diabetic foot ulcers and infections: current concepts. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 2002 Jan-Feb;15(1):31-42; quiz 44-5. Review.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11905449

9. Center for Disease Control. National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2007.
www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf (PDF)

10. Driver R, de Leon J. Health Economic Implications for Wound Care and Limb Preservation. Journal of Managed Care Medicine. 2008 January; 11:13-19.

11. Eginton MT, Brown KR, Seabrook GR, Towne JB, Cambria RA. A prospective randomized evaluation of negative-pressure wound dressings for diabetic foot wounds. Annals of Vascular Surgery. 2003 Nov;17(6):645-9. Epub 2003 Oct 13.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14534844

12. Diabetes Information: Complications of Diabetes.
www.fda.gov/diabetes/

13. Frykberg RG, Williams DV. Negative-pressure wound therapy and diabetic foot amputations: a retrospective study of payer claims data. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2007 Sep-Oct;97(5):351-9.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901338

14. Girod I, Valensi P, Laforêt C, Moreau-Defarges T, Guillon P, Baron F. An economic evaluation of the cost of diabetic foot ulcers: results of a retrospective study on 239 patients. Diabetes Metabolism. 2003 Jun;29(3):269-77.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12909815

15. Ha Van G, Siney H, Hartmann-Heurtier A, Jacqueminet S, Greau F, Grimaldi A. Nonremovable, windowed, fiberglass cast boot in the treatment of diabetic plantar ulcers: efficacy, safety, and compliance. Diabetes Care. 2003 Oct;26(10):2848-52.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14514590

16. Harrington C, Zagari MJ, Corea J, Klitenic J. A cost analysis of diabetic lower-extremity ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2000 Sep;23(9):1333-8.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10977028

17. Holzer SE, Camerota A, Martens L, Cuerdon T, Crystal-Peters J, Zagari M. Costs and duration of care for lower extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes. Clinical Therapeutics. 1998 Jan-Feb;20(1):169-81.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9522113

18. Lavery LA, Baranoski S, Ayello EA. Options for off-loading the diabetic foot. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 2004 May;17(4 Pt 1):181-82, 184-86.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15360027

19. Lavery LA, Vela SA, Lavery DC, Quebedeaux TL. Reducing dynamic foot pressures in high-risk diabetic subjects with foot ulcerations. A comparison of treatments. Diabetes Care. 1996 Aug;19(8):818-21.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8842597

20. Lavery LA, Lavery DC, Quebedeax-Farnham TL. Increased foot pressures after great toe amputation in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995 Nov;18(11):1460-2.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8722070

21. Lavery LA, Vela SA, Lavery DC, Quebedeaux TL. Total contact casts: pressure reduction at ulcer sites and the effect on the contralateral foot. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1997 Nov;78(11):1268-71.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9365359

22. Margolis DJ, Kantor J, Berlin JA. Healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers receiving standard treatment. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 1999 May;22(5):692-5.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332667

23. Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Sanders LJ, Janisse D, Pogach LM. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Dec;21(12):2161-77. Review.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9839111

24. McCallon SK, Knight CA, Valiulus JP, Cunningham MW, McCulloch JM, Farinas LP. Vacuum-assisted closure versus saline-moistened gauze in the healing of postoperative diabetic foot wounds. Ostomy/Wound Management. 2000 Aug;46(8):28-32, 34.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11189545

25. National Diabetes Statistics 2007, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC)
diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/

26. Reiber G, Boyko E, and Smith D. Lower Extremity Foot Ulcers and Amputations in Diabetes. 2nd Ed. Bethesda: 1995.
diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/America/pdf/chapter18.pdf (PDF)

27. Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA. Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA. 2005 Jan 12;293(2):217-28. Review.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15644549

28. Diabetes Health Center, Diabetic Neuropathy-Topic Overview. WebMD Diabetes Center website.
diabetes.webmd.com/tc/diabetic-neuropathy-topic-overview

29. Wu SC, Armstrong DG. The role of activity, adherence, and off-loading on the healing of diabetic foot wounds. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2006 Jun;117(7 Suppl):248S-253S. Review.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16799393